Another ladder of participation, but this time it is for Businesses based on Participation, and comes from Michel Bauwens (P2P Foundation).

1. Consumption:
   Consumer -> cash -> company’s products/services made entirely by company
2. Self Service:
   Consumer -> choice -> cash -> company’s products/services made entirely by company
3. DIY Do it yourself:
   Consumer -> degree of involvement in the value chain -> cash -> company’s products/services made by the company
4. Co-design:
   Consumer -> customizing the product -> cash -> company’s products/services for partial products made by the company
5. Co-creation:
   Consumer -> actual involvement in design/production -> (cash ->) open sourced produced product ->(possibly a company or not, ie Wikipedia).
6. Direct peer production of use value with no concern for monetization:
   Consumer -> idea -> (cash ->) consumer produced/manufactured product. Example: couchsurfing.com.

   Important here is that cash is not necessary, but in theory possible.

7. Direct peer production of use value with concern for equitable monetization:
   Consumer community-> a commons -> peer production -> cash -> equitable production and commerce

Note that I wouldn’t use ‘consumer community’, as we are talking about both producers and consumers, users might be more correct, or as Axel Bruns says: “produsers”

8. Direct production of use value by groups with commons-oriented business ecology:
   Customer community -> ecology of business producing marketable, scarce goods through a foundation on non profit basis -> consumer consumes. (Linux)

Here I make a difference between the businesses creating added value on top of the commons, say IBM vs. Linux, and the foundations which run the infrastructure of the commons, such as the Wikimedia Foundation. They are not the same.

9. Direct production of use value by individuals with monetization of attention through proprietary platforms:
   Consumer -> (Intellectual) Product on a communal (proprietary) platform -> Cash -> Consumer (Web2.0)
10. Direct production of exchange value by groups: cooperative production:
    Consumer communities -> cooperative format of product -> cash -> consumer (Old model of producer cooperatives).
11. Direct production of exchange value by individuals:
    Consumer-> product distributed using local infrastructure for distributed production-> cash -> consumer (Ebay, a person designing something that operates a machine in a far off place to churn out the product)”

Tags: Business/Service, Participation